Lesson 17 :Tablets for Textbooks in School

 This lesson talks about the different between Textbook and Tablets.

Tablets in school

 

 Tablets for learning is still futuristic, but today’s books are still the primary of medium instruction in must schools. These will be replace by digital technology reading tools, but the disadvantages of using books are backbreaking due to their weight and size. Publishing and printing millions of books are too much expensive. If there is an error information the technical mistakes and editorial lapses. The technology is being view as a savior. Learning technology along other audio-visual aids in teaching learning process.

My experienced during this lesson is our teacher can use the student centered learning approach. because he group us in two groups and depend on the assign topic, which would preferred in using books in teaching learning process or in using tablets. But if you see now a days would you prefer the Tablets because it’s very useful especially the k to 12 will be employ now a days so teacher acts as facilitator because it is student centered.

Lesson 16: THE INTERNET AND EDUCATION

  The Internet, also simply called the Net is the largest and far-flung network system of all systems. The Internet is not really a network but a loosely organized collection of about 25,000 networks accessed by computers on the planet.

           Everything is coordinated in the Internet through a standardized protocol called Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP). To gain access to the Internet, The computer must be equipped with what is called a Server which has a special software program that uses the Internet protocol.

           The great attraction of the Internet is that once the sign-up fees are paid, there are no extra charges. E-mail for example is free regardless of amount use. The vast sea o information now in the Internet is an overwhelming challenge to those who wish to navigate it. The most attractive way to move around the Internet is called browsing. Using a program called the browser, the user can use a mouse to point and click on screen icons  to surf the Internet, particularly the World Wide Web, an Internet's subset of text, images and sounds are linked together to allow users to access data or information needed.

            Educational software materials have also developed both in sophistication and appeal. But the real possibility today is connecting with the world outside homes, classrooms and Internet cafes. Today schools are gearing up to take advantage of Internet access.

Lesson 15: Understanding Hypermedia

Hypermedia is nothing but multimedia, but this time packaged as educational computer software where information is presented and student activities are integrated in a virtual learning environment. Most educational IT applications are hypermedia and these include:

·         Tutorial software packages

·         Knowledge webpages

·         Simulation instructional games

·         Learning project management, and others

The presentation of information-learning activities in hypermedia is said to be sequenced in a non-linear manner, meaning that the learner may follow his path of activities thus providing an environment of learner autonomy and thinking skills.

Characteristics of hypermedia applications:

1. Learner control- the learner makes his own decisions on the path, flow of events of instruction.

2. Learner wide range of navigation routes- the learner has a wide range of navigation routes such as by working on concepts he is already familiar with. He may even follow a linear or logical path, even if the previous activity is half-completed. He may explore other sections opting to return or complete the previous activity.

3. Variety of media- Hypermedia includes more than one media (text, graphics, audio, animation and video clip) but does not necessarily use all types of media in one presentation. Since only virtual learning activity takes place, it is important from the standpoint of the teacher to optimize the learning process by identifying the characteristics of media application, as well as the advantages and limitations of such an application.

Lesson 14: The Software as an Educational Resource

When people think about computers, they imagine the computer machine with monitor screen, keyboard, and “the box” or CPU which contains the electronic parts and circuits. It is more difficult to realize, however, that the computer hardware can hardly be useful without the program or system that tells what the computer machine should do. This is also called the software.

2 types of software:

1. Systems software- this is the operating system that is found or bundled inside all computer machines.

2. Applications software- this contains the system that commands the particular task or solves a particular problem.

Microsoft Windows

This is also referred to as program. Microsoft Windows or Windows for short is an operating environment between the user and the computer operating system. Also called a shell, it is a layer that creates the way the computer should work.

 Instructional Software

This can be visited on the internet or can be bought from software shops or dealers. The teacher through his school should decide on the best computer-based instructional (CBI) materials for the school resource collection. But beware since CBIs need much improvement, while web-based educational resources are either extremely good or what is complete garbage.

Lesson 13: Cooperative Learning with the Computer

Cooperative or collaborative learning is learning by small groups of students who work together in a common learning task. It is often also called group learning but to be truly cooperative learning, 5 elements are needed:

1. common goal

2. interdependence

3. interaction

4. individual accountability

5. social skills

Cooperative Learning and the Computer

Researchers have made studies on the learning interaction between the student and the computer. The studies have great value since it has been a long standing fear that the computer may foster student learning in isolation that hinders the development of the student's social skills.

Now this mythical fear has been contradicted by the studies which show that when students work with computers in groups

lesson 12:Information Technology in Support of Student-Centered Learning

   The idea of student-centered learning is not a recent idea. In fact, as early as the 20th century, educational educators such as John Dewey argued for highly active and individualized pedagogical methods which place the student at the center of the teaching-learning process.

The Traditional Classroom

It may be observed that classrooms are usually arranged with neat columns and rows of student chairs or desks, while the teacher stands in front of the classroom or sits behind his table. This situation is necessitated by the need to maintain classroom discipline, also allows the teacher to control classroom activities through lecture presentation and teacher-led discussions.

Noticeably, however, after spending so many minutes in lesson presentation and class management, students can get restless and fidgety. Often enough, the teacher has to also manage misbehavior in class as students start to talk among themselves or simply stare away in lack of attention.

The SCL Classroom

          John Dewey has described traditional learning as a process in which the teacher pours information to student learners, much like pouring water from a jug into cups. 

This is based on the long accepted belief that the teacher must perform his role of teaching so that learning can occur. This learning approach is generally known as direct instruction, and it has worked well for obtaining many kinds of learning outcomes. The problem with it is that the approach in learning, however, is the fact that the world’s societies have begun to change. It may not be felt strongly to countries in which on countries who depends mostly their economy to factory workers. Traditional and direct instruction is very useful in these countries

          In contrast, industrialized societies we find knowledge-based economies in which workers depend on information that can be accessed through information and communication technologies (ICTs). Desiring to gain effectiveness, efficiency and economy in administration, schools in these developed economies have also adopted the support of ICTs. Their students have now become active not passive learners, demonstrating independence and self-awareness in the learning process.

Lesson 11: The Computer as the Teacher’s Tool

Constructivism was introduced by Jean Piaget (1981) and Bruner (1990). They gave stress to knowledge discovery of new meaning/concepts/principles in the learning process.

Various strategies have been suggested to foster knowledge discovery, among these, is making students engaged in gathering unorganized information from which they can induce ideas and principles.

Students are also asked to apply discovered knowledge to new situations, a process for making their knowledge applicable to real life situations.

   While knowledge is constructed by the individual learner in constructivism, knowledge can also be socially constructed. Social Constructivism is the effort to show that the construction of knowledge is governed by social, historical and cultural contexts. In effect, this is to say that the learner who interprets knowledge has a predetermined point of view according to the social perspectives of the community or society he lives in.

The psychologist Vygotsky stressed that learning is affected by social influences. He suggested the interactive process in learning. A more capable adult (teacher or parent) can aid or complement what the learner sees in a given tasks or project. In addition, John Dewey sees language as medium for social coordination and adaptation. For Dewey, human learning is really human language that occurs when students socially share, build and agree upon meanings and knowledge.

The Computer’s Capabilities

Informative Tool

The computer can provide vast amounts of information in various forms, such as text, graphics, sound, and video. Even multimedia encyclopedias are today available on the internet.

Communication Tool

The computer has been used in communication as evident by social networking sites as to Facebook, twitter and Friendster. We can even chat/talk friends and families anywhere in the globe through yahoo messenger or the one in Facebook or view them through the webcam. We can send messages and information through the internet in just seconds or minutes.

Constructive Tool

The computer itself can be used for manipulating information, visualizing one’s understanding, and building new knowledge. The Microsoft Word computer program itself is desktop publishing software that allows users to organize and present their ideas in attractive formats.

Co-constructive Tool

          Students can use constructive tools to work cooperatively and construct a shared understanding of new knowledge. One way of co-construction is the use of the electronic whiteboard where students may post notices to a shared document/whiteboard. Students may also co-edit the same document from their homes.

Situating Tool

          By means of virtual reality (RS) extension systems, the computer can create 3-D images on display to give the user the feeling that are situated in a virtual environment. A flight simulation program is an example of a situating tool which places the user in simulated flying environment.

Lesson 10 : The computer as a tutor

    The computer is one of the wonders of human ingenuity. The computer can be a tutor in effect relieving the teacher of many activities in his/her person role as classroom tutor. But that doesn’t mean that teacher is no longer useful because we have the computer now. The teacher here will be the one to manipulate the computer not the computer manipulate the teacher.

   Computer is very helpful to me since I don’t know some information and I was being curios about something. And all I have to do is to just type my question and click the search button and every  related information with I have ask where there and give me some possible answer and all I have to do is to read it and then that’s it.

Computer-assisted instruction (CAI)

    The computer can be a tutor in effect relieving teacher of many activities in his personal role as classroom tutor. It should be made clear, however, that the computer cannot totally replace the teacher since the teacher shall continue to play the major roles of information deliverer and learning environment controller. Even with the available computer and CAI software, the teacher must;

  Insure that students have the needed knowledge and skills for    any computer activity

·         Decide the appropriate learning objectives

·         Plan the sequential and structured activities to achieve objectives

·         Evaluate the students’ achievements by ways of tests the specific expected outcomes.

On the other hand, the student in CAI play their own roles as learners as they;

·         Receive information

·         Understand instruction for the computer activity

·         Retain/keep in mind the information and rules for the computer activity

·         Apply the knowledge and rules during the process of computer learning.

During the computer activity proper in CAI the computer too plays its roles as it:

·         Act as a sort of tutor (the role traditional played by the teacher)

·         Provides a learning environment

·         Delivers learning instruction

·         Reinforces learning through drill and practice

·         Provides feedback

Lesson 9 :COMPUTERS AS INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY

   Through the technology, educators saw the amplification of learning literacy. Much like reading, the modern student can now interact with computer messages; even respond to question or to computer commands. Again like writing, the learner can form messages using computer language or programs.

   Soon computer assisted instruction (CAI) was introduced using the principle of individualized learning through a positive climate that includes realism and appeal with drill exercise that uses color, music and animation. The novelty of CAI has not waned to this offered by computer-equipped private schools. But the evolving pace of innovation in today’s Information Age is so dynamic that within the first decade of the 21st century, computer technology in education has matured to transform into an educative information and communication technology (ICT) in education.

    ICT in Education

    In current education systems worldwide, ICT’s have not been as extensively implemented as might be found in other fields, such as business. Reasons for the absence of these technologies in education vary. Some experts suggest it is the high cost that prevents schools from using them in the classroom. Other experts argue that the social nature of current education systems, which require a substantial amount of personal contact between teachers and their students, prevents these technologies from being better integrated in the classroom setting.

Lesson 8 : HIGHER THINKING SKILLS THROUGH IT-BASED PROJECTS

   

In this Lesson it discusses the four (4) types of IT-based projects which can effectively be used in order to engage students in activities of a higher plane of thinking and this are:

 (1) resource-based projects,

(2) Simple creations,

(3) Guided hypermedia projects and

(4) web-based projects.

 All this types of IT-Based Projects help the discussion more interactive and having a conducive to develop higher thinking skills and creativity among learners.

1.       Resource-based projects central principle to make the students go beyond the textbook and curriculum materials. Where students are also encouraged to go to the library, particularly to the modern extension of the modern library, the internet. Inquiry-based or discovery approach is emphasizing more in resource-based projects; the process is given more importance than the project product.

2.       Simple creation, creating is more consonant with planning, making, assembling, designing or building. Creativity is said to combine three kind of skills/ abilities. The analyzing which distinguished similarities the difference or seeing the projects us a problem to be solved. The synthesizing it generates interesting new ideas and lastly promoting.

3.       Guided hypermedia project. As an instructive tool and as a communication tool

Web-based projects. The posting of the web pages in the internet allows the student a wider audience. The learners can also be linked with other related sites in the internet

Lesson 7: Evaluation of Technology Learning

   The standard student evaluation of learning must change.

   This is justified by the fact that not only has the new generation changed into digital learners, but the traditional world has metamorphosed into a digital world. 

   Teachers must adopt a new mindset both for instruction and evaluation.Evaluation must be geared to assessment of essential knowledge and skills so that learners can function effectively, productively and creatively in a new world. It must use evaluative tools that measure the new basic skills of the 21st century digital culture, namely: solution fluency, information fluency, collaboration fluency, media fluency, creativity fluency and digital citizenship.

   These six influences reflect process skills. On the other hand,   the change in evaluation approach is referred to as mass Amateurization , a term which implies a mass reach of student outputs.

   Evaluation and assessment go together. Evaluation must agree with the assessment done with the students inside the classroom. As the way of teaching and learning changes to adopt the technological advancement happening with the educational system, evaluation also changes, and that is what this chapter is all about.

Lesson 6. Developing basic digital skills

  

  This refers to the capacity and creativity in problem solving. It tells on how we think properly to solve a problem. 

   It requires whole brain thinking and designs the appropriate solution.

Information fluency  

   The book realistically examines the abilities of Internet searchers today in terms of their efficiency and effectiveness in finding online information, evaluating it and using it ethically.

Collaboration fluency

      This refers to teamwork with virtual or real partners in the online environment. There is virtual interaction in social networking and online gaming domains.

Media fluency

      Media refer to channels of mass communication (radio, television, magazines, advertising, graphic arts) or digital sources.

Creativity fluency

     Fluency  is the property of a person or of a system that delivers information quickly and with expertise.

Digital ethics

    The digital citizen is guided by principles of leadership, global responsibility, environment awareness global citizens and personal accountability.

LESSON 5 : PREFERENCE OF THE TECHNOLOGY GENERATION

 Some Basic Comparison Between Old and New Generation:

  What Old Generation likes may not be the same as what the New Generation prefers in Life, Work and Leisure. 


  Much of the good things enjoyed by elders when they were students are no longer available to the new generation. 

  Text vs. Visual

Our parents read book text, enrich by illustrations and photos. In order to research, they go to the school library, use the card catalogue for needed books and sign up to borrow books for home reading. 

  Linear vs. Hyper Media

The past-30 year old generation obtained information in a linear, logical and sequential manner. On the positive side, this made them more logical, focused and reflective thinkers.

  Independent vs. Social Learners

The traditional education system gives priority to independent learning, prior to participative work.

  Learning to do vs. To pass the test

Old teachers teach students in order to help them pass tests and complete the course requirement.

  Delayed rewards vs. Instant gratification

The traditional reward system in education consists in the grades, honor certificates/medals and diplomas. Including future jobs, the traditional rewards for the performance. 

  Rote memory vs. Fun learning

Teachers feel too obliged to delivering content-based courses, the learning of which is measurable by standard tests.

Lesson 4: Bridging the Generation Gap

Lesson 4: Bridging the Generation Gap

            The older generation often feels a generation gap between them and the younger generation. This is apparent in simple things like the manner of dressing, socializing, more intimate relationships like friendship and marrying etc. 

          Even in education, traditional schooling has hardly changed even with the clear evidence of a digital world.

  Generation Gap

      • Dressing

      • Socializing

      • Intimate relationships like friendship and marrying

First, we need to understand the potentials of ICT

     The new network of instantaneous communication is global, overcoming borders between countries and continents.

    Much of what elders believe may not be applicable anymore to the new generations, especially along matters of traditional value systems. 

   Alvin Toffler’s book, Future Shock, show how the information age has begun to create many cultural changes in the family, societies, businesses, governments such as what he calls throw-away society, modular man, kinetic image, scientific trajectory, fractured family, surfeit of sub-cults, psychological dimensions.

Other generation Gaps

  Flow of information  Communication  Methods of teaching

Lesson 3 : Understanding Technology Learners

           Our teachers today generally use the traditional education program applicable to learners of the past, acquainted with linear, textual and sequential learning.  They fail to realize that the new generation of the 21^st millennium is not the kind of learner that they were, but are information technology or digital learners.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               The 21st century education is going to be empowered by digital learners pretty soon as the beginning is coming.

•      53% of students use a smart phone and are connected and prefer the internet.

•      78% of the students believe and prefer learning through technology

            Even in classes, their concentration is questionable as they are uneasy to simply sit and listen. They become alive again through video presentations, group activities and computer classes.

Information Technology learners ( Digital Learners ) – A video is presented in discussing the characteristics of a digital learner. 

21^ST Century Learning is done with : 

 v  COLLABORATION - Learning how to work with others to achieve a common purpose. Students bring gadgets with them as well as presenting the knowledge the knowledge and abilities they have to come up with a product/solution.

v   Communication- Students use their mobile devices to discuss content they are learning with others, set goals for themselves, and share new concepts.

v Critical Thinking- helps to construct a firm foundation for personalized learning. In many classrooms, teachers don’t provide the time necessary for critical.

Lesson 2 : AN OVERVIEW EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 2

 AN OVERVIEW  EDUCATIONAL TECHNOLOGY 2

Educational  Technology 2

    

    -  concerned with “Integrating Technology into Teaching and Learning.” 

For Learners : 

    - To introduce reinforcing, supplement and extend the knowledge and skills to learners so that they can become exemplary users of educational technology.

    -  For student teachers, also professional teachers to update their knowledge of educational technology,

    - Involve a deeper understanding of the computer a well as hands-on application of computer skills.

    -  Aims to infuse technology in the student-teachers training, helping them to adapt and meet rapid and continuing technological changes particularly in the global information and communication technology (ICT).

   - Used information technology to improve not only instruction but the school management and curriculum.

Learning Objectives

   • To provide education in the use of technology in instruction by providing knowledge and skills on technology integration-in-instruction to learners

   •    To impart learning experiences in instructional technology-supported instructional planning

  • To acquaint students on information technology or IT- related learning theories with the computer as a tutor

  • To learn to use and evaluate computer-based educational resources

  • To engage learners on practical technology integration issues including 

  • To inculcate higher level thinking and creativity among students while providing them knowledge of IT-related learning theories.

REFLECTION:

          Technology is not only used for recreation and playing, but technology is  one important tool that would further enhance the way of teaching and the  acquiring of learning for a teacher and a student.

 We are lucky that the integration of technology into teaching and learning is  now in practice and included in the curriculum.